Wallets

What is a crypto wallet?

Crypto wallets are like online bank accounts for your cryptocurrencies but with a few key differences:

• Cryptocurrency wallets are not backed by government deposit schemes
• They only hold cryptocurrencies (no regular money here)
• You are in control of your funds at all times.

Non-custodial is the term given to cryptocurrency wallets, like MetaMask, Math Wallet or Trust Wallet, that are separate from the accounts you may have on a CEX (Centralized Cryptocurrency Exchanges). When you hold money on a CEX such as Binance, Kraken or Coinbase, those companies are in control of your cryptocurrencies. But when you move your crypto to a non-custodial wallet, you hold the keys to your wallet.

These wallets are the key to the decentralized web and serve as the primary way to interface with decentralized finance protocols such as Oikos, decentralized exchanges or non-fungible token (NFT) marketplaces. Crypto wallets are so foundational to decentralized finance that some people on Twitter or Discord refer to themselves solely by their cryptocurrency wallet addresses (anyone who introduces themselves with a username that starts with “0x” is referring to their wallet address).

Why you need a crypto wallet and how to choose one

Unless you’re running a huge company holding so much cryptocurrency that you need the watchful eye of a specialized custodian (a third party that looks after your crypto for you) you’re looking for a non-custodial wallet. These are, as mentioned, wallets to which only you hold the keys. You may have seen the phrase "not your keys, not your crypto”, this phrase is commonly used and highlights the importance of looking after your own crypto. With non-custodial crypto wallets, your assets are backed by something called a private key. This functions as a password to your crypto wallet. You must shroud this in secrecy and never tell anyone about it. Should you lose your private key, you’ll be able to use something called a secret phrase, or seed phrase. These are strings of 12 or 24 words that function as a backup password. It’s important to hide these in a trusted place, ideally by holding parts of the phrase in different places. No company or individual should ever ask for your seed phrase, those that do are almost always scams looking to steal your funds.

Different blockchains require different wallets. MetaMask, one of the most popular wallets, supports just a handful of networks, including Ethereum, Binance Smart Chan (BSC), Polygon (MATIC), Avalanche, etc. (the common denominator is that these chains all support the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)). MetaMask does not support Solana or Bitcoin, however, there are a number of other options including Trust Wallet that do support Bitcoin. NFT support requires special attention. Most wallets natively support fungible tokens, like ethereum, bitcoin and so on. But non-fungible tokens – crypto art, like the Bored Ape Yacht Club – are handled a little differently. Marketplaces like OpenSea, although not wallets, will automatically display your Ethereum NFTs if you connect your wallets. Rainbow Wallet displays NFTs within its app.

Most of these wallets function as either desktop wallets, browser extensions or mobile wallets. Those that function as browser extensions are particularly useful when interfacing with decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols. The web3 websites each have a “connect wallet” button. This functionality replaces the “log in to Google” / “enter your email and password” of Web 2.

How to set up a crypto wallet

Setting up a crypto wallet only takes a couple of minutes. To get started with MetaMask, either download the app on your phone or install the browser extension. Then, MetaMask will ask you to set a password to the app, name your wallet, then write down your secret phrase (and then get you to check that you have done so). To find out your address, click the name of your wallet and MetaMask will copy it to your clipboard. Other wallets have near-identical setup processes. And that’s it! You can then use your wallet to send or receive funds. More details and instructions can be found inside the metamask guide.

What about hardware wallets?

Most of the popular web wallets are also known as “hot wallets” because you need an internet connection to use them. Hardware wallets, known as “cold wallets”, are physical devices such as USB sticks that you plug into your computer and only connect to the internet when they’re docked. This makes them more secure, albeit a little cumbersome to use. Popular brands include Trezor and Ledger. Unlike hot wallets, you’ll need to buy these hardware wallets from the official suppliers. Purchasing them secondhand or from a non-trusted supplier is incredibly risky as devices could be faulty, tampered with or contain malware.

While cold wallets are considered the absolute safest place to store your crypto as they are entirely offline and cannot be hacked, they also pose a similar risk: If you lose the physical drive and/or the private key, you won't be able to access your crypto. That’s it. No password reset feature, no back button, nada.